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Jan Gade

Former member

Vita

1988: Born in Marburg an der Lahn
2007: Allgemeine Hochschulreife at the Martin-Luther-Schule, Marburg
2007–2008: Civilian service at the Konrad-Biesalski-Haus, Marburg
2008–2011: Bachelor student of Business Administration at the Philipps-Universität Marburg
2009–2013: Bachelor student of Civil Engineering at the University of Kassel
2013: Internship at Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Research&Development Weissach
2014: 25th award of the northern hessian building industry, Kassel
2013–2016: Master student of Civil Engineering at the Technischen Universität Darmstadt
2014–2015: Internship at schlaich bergermann und partner gmbh, Stuttgart
Interested in: formfinding, parameter identification and inverse problems, structural optimization
2017–2023: Scientific staff at the Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart

Research

Adaptive structures

Publications

Articles in journals

Gade, J., Geiger, F., Kemmler, R., & Bischoff, M. (2024). A form-finding method for adaptive truss structures subject to multiple static load cases. International Journal of Space Structures. https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599231212707
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Abstract
Form-finding is an essential task in the design of efficient lightweight structures. It is based on the crucial assumption of one single shape-determining load case, usually represented by self-weight. Adaptive components integrated into the structure open a way to even more efficient lightweight designs, as such structures can adapt their shapes to varying external loads and redistribute internal forces. This article presents a method for form-finding of adaptive truss structures subject to multiple, independently acting load cases, also incorporating possible design constraints. To ensure the consistency of the manufacturing lengths of passive elements in all load cases, special constraints are considered. The method enables to reduce sensitivity of the structural shape with respect to various different loads by means of actuation to meet design and serviceability requirements with a lower structural mass compared to conventional design strategies. This is demonstrated within a replaced real-world-like setting of an adaptive suspension truss bridge.
BibTeX
@article{gade2024formfinding, abstract = {Form-finding is an essential task in the design of efficient lightweight structures. It is based on the crucial assumption of one single shape-determining load case, usually represented by self-weight. Adaptive components integrated into the structure open a way to even more efficient lightweight designs, as such structures can adapt their shapes to varying external loads and redistribute internal forces. This article presents a method for form-finding of adaptive truss structures subject to multiple, independently acting load cases, also incorporating possible design constraints. To ensure the consistency of the manufacturing lengths of passive elements in all load cases, special constraints are considered. The method enables to reduce sensitivity of the structural shape with respect to various different loads by means of actuation to meet design and serviceability requirements with a lower structural mass compared to conventional design strategies. This is demonstrated within a replaced real-world-like setting of an adaptive suspension truss bridge.}, author = {Gade, Jan and Geiger, Florian and Kemmler, Roman and Bischoff, Manfred}, doi = {10.1177/09560599231212707}, journal = {International Journal of Space Structures}, title = {A form-finding method for adaptive truss structures subject to multiple static load cases}, year = 2024 }
Tkachuk, A., Krake, T., Gade, J., & von Scheven, M. (2023). Efficient Computation of Redundancy Matrices for Moderately Redundant Truss and Frame Structures. Journal of Theoretical, Computational and Applied Mechanics, 11506, Article 11506. https://doi.org/10.46298/jtcam.11056
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Abstract
Large statically indeterminate truss and frame structures exhibit complex load-bearing behavior, and redundancy matrices are helpful for their analysis and design. Depending on the task, the full redundancy matrix or only its diagonal entries are required. The standard computation procedure has a high computational effort. Many structures fall in the category of moderately redundant, i.e., the ratio of the statical indeterminacy to the number of all load-carrying modes of all elements is less one half. This paper proposes a closed-form expression for redundancy contributions that is computationally efficient for moderately redundant systems. The expression is derived via a factorization of the redundancy matrix that is based on singular value decomposition. Several examples illustrate the behavior of the method for increasing size of systems and, where applicable, for increasing degree of statical indeterminacy.
BibTeX
@article{tkachuk2023efficient, abstract = {Large statically indeterminate truss and frame structures exhibit complex load-bearing behavior, and redundancy matrices are helpful for their analysis and design. Depending on the task, the full redundancy matrix or only its diagonal entries are required. The standard computation procedure has a high computational effort. Many structures fall in the category of moderately redundant, i.e., the ratio of the statical indeterminacy to the number of all load-carrying modes of all elements is less one half. This paper proposes a closed-form expression for redundancy contributions that is computationally efficient for moderately redundant systems. The expression is derived via a factorization of the redundancy matrix that is based on singular value decomposition. Several examples illustrate the behavior of the method for increasing size of systems and, where applicable, for increasing degree of statical indeterminacy. }, author = {Tkachuk, Anton and Krake, Tim and Gade, Jan and von Scheven, Malte}, doi = {10.46298/jtcam.11056}, journal = { Journal of Theoretical, Computational and Applied Mechanics}, number = 11506, title = {Efficient Computation of Redundancy Matrices for Moderately Redundant Truss and Frame Structures}, year = 2023 }
Gade, J., Ramm, E., Kurrer, K.-E., & Bischoff, M. (2022). Marc Biguenets Beitrag zur Berechnung der Seilnetztragwerke für die Olympischen Spiele 1972. Stahlbau, 91(9), 612–621. https://doi.org/10.1002/stab.202200048
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Abstract
Bei der Berechnung der Seilnetztragwerke für die Überdachungen der Sportstätten für die Olympischen Spiele 1972 in München spielte ein bislang unveröffentlichtes und auch in Fachkreisen bislang weithin unbekanntes Manuskript des französischen Bauingenieurs Marc Biguenet, damals Mitarbeiter von Jörg Schlaich im Ingenieurbüro Leonhardt und Andrä, eine wesentliche Rolle. Es wird in zwei Veröffentlichungen von Klaus Linkwitz und Hans-Jörg Schek aus 1971 zur Berechnung und Formfindung von Seilnetztragwerken erwähnt und liefert wichtige Vorarbeiten. Das Manuskript war in Archiven und Bibliotheken allerdings nicht aufzufinden und wurde dem ersten Autor nach intensiven Recherchen schließlich von Marc Biguenet persönlich zur Verfügung gestellt. Im Rahmen dieses Berichts wird der Inhalt des Manuskripts mit dem Ziel der Quellen- und Wissenssicherung erstmals veröffentlicht, vergleichend kommentiert und in den technikhistorischen Kontext eingebettet. Die logisch-historischen Wurzeln der Berechnung von Seilnetztragwerken stehen im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklungsgeschichte nichtlinearer baustatischer Theorien, dem Bau weitgespannter Hängebrücken sowie der Herausbildung computergestützter Berechnungsmethoden.
BibTeX
@article{gade2022biguenets, abstract = {Bei der Berechnung der Seilnetztragwerke für die Überdachungen der Sportstätten für die Olympischen Spiele 1972 in München spielte ein bislang unveröffentlichtes und auch in Fachkreisen bislang weithin unbekanntes Manuskript des französischen Bauingenieurs Marc Biguenet, damals Mitarbeiter von Jörg Schlaich im Ingenieurbüro Leonhardt und Andrä, eine wesentliche Rolle. Es wird in zwei Veröffentlichungen von Klaus Linkwitz und Hans-Jörg Schek aus 1971 zur Berechnung und Formfindung von Seilnetztragwerken erwähnt und liefert wichtige Vorarbeiten. Das Manuskript war in Archiven und Bibliotheken allerdings nicht aufzufinden und wurde dem ersten Autor nach intensiven Recherchen schließlich von Marc Biguenet persönlich zur Verfügung gestellt. Im Rahmen dieses Berichts wird der Inhalt des Manuskripts mit dem Ziel der Quellen- und Wissenssicherung erstmals veröffentlicht, vergleichend kommentiert und in den technikhistorischen Kontext eingebettet. Die logisch-historischen Wurzeln der Berechnung von Seilnetztragwerken stehen im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklungsgeschichte nichtlinearer baustatischer Theorien, dem Bau weitgespannter Hängebrücken sowie der Herausbildung computergestützter Berechnungsmethoden.}, author = {Gade, Jan and Ramm, Ekkehard and Kurrer, Karl-Eugen and Bischoff, Manfred}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/stab.202200048}, journal = {Stahlbau}, number = 9, pages = {612-621}, title = {Marc Biguenets Beitrag zur Berechnung der Seilnetztragwerke für die Olympischen Spiele 1972}, volume = 91, year = 2022 }
Krake, T., von Scheven, M., Gade, J., Abdelaal, M., Weiskopf, D., & Bischoff, M. (2022). Efficient Update of Redundancy Matrices for Truss and Frame Structures. Journal of Theoretical, Computational and Applied Mechanics. https://doi.org/10.46298/jtcam.9615
- Abstract
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Abstract
Redundancy matrices provide insights into the load carrying behavior of statically indeterminate structures. This information can be employed for the design and analysis of structures with regard to certain objectives, for example reliability, robustness, or adaptability. In this context, the structure is often iteratively examined with the help of slight adjustments. However, this procedure generally requires a high computational effort for the recalculation of the redundancy matrix due to the necessity of costly matrix operations. This paper addresses this problem by providing generic algebraic formulations for efficiently updating the redundancy matrix (and related matrices). The formulations include various modifications like adding, removing, and exchanging elements and are applicable to truss and frame structures. With several examples, we demonstrate the interaction between the formulas and their mechanical interpretation. Finally, a performance test for a scaleable structure is presented.
BibTeX
@article{krake2022efficient, abstract = {Redundancy matrices provide insights into the load carrying behavior of statically indeterminate structures. This information can be employed for the design and analysis of structures with regard to certain objectives, for example reliability, robustness, or adaptability. In this context, the structure is often iteratively examined with the help of slight adjustments. However, this procedure generally requires a high computational effort for the recalculation of the redundancy matrix due to the necessity of costly matrix operations. This paper addresses this problem by providing generic algebraic formulations for efficiently updating the redundancy matrix (and related matrices). The formulations include various modifications like adding, removing, and exchanging elements and are applicable to truss and frame structures. With several examples, we demonstrate the interaction between the formulas and their mechanical interpretation. Finally, a performance test for a scaleable structure is presented.}, author = {Krake, Tim and von Scheven, Malte and Gade, Jan and Abdelaal, Moataz and Weiskopf, Daniel and Bischoff, Manfred}, doi = {10.46298/jtcam.9615}, journal = {Journal of Theoretical, Computational and Applied Mechanics}, title = {Efficient Update of Redundancy Matrices for Truss and Frame Structures}, year = 2022 }
Gade, J., Tkachuk, A., von Scheven, M., & Bischoff, M. (2021). A continuum-mechanical theory of redundancy in elastostatic structures. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 226–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2021.01.022
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Abstract
In the present paper, theoretical foundations of redundancy in spatially continuous, elastostatic, and linear representations of structures are derived. Adopting an operator-theoretical perspective, the redundancy operator is introduced, inspired by the concept of redundancy matrices, previously described for spatially discrete representations of structures. Studying symmetry, trace, rank, and spectral properties of this operator as well as revealing the relation to the concept of statical indeterminacy, a continuum-mechanical theory of redundancy is proposed. Here, the notion “continuum-mechanical” refers to the representation being spatially continuous. Apart from the theory itself, the novel outcome is a clear concept providing information on the distribution of statical indeterminacy in space and with respect to different load carrying mechanisms. The theoretical findings are confirmed and illustrated within exemplary rod, plane beam, and plane frame structures. The additional insight into the load carrying behavior may be valuable in numerous applications, including robust design of structures, quantification of imperfection sensitivity, assessment of adaptability, as well as actuator placement and optimized control in adaptive structures.
BibTeX
@article{Gade_2021, abstract = {In the present paper, theoretical foundations of redundancy in spatially continuous, elastostatic, and linear representations of structures are derived. Adopting an operator-theoretical perspective, the redundancy operator is introduced, inspired by the concept of redundancy matrices, previously described for spatially discrete representations of structures. Studying symmetry, trace, rank, and spectral properties of this operator as well as revealing the relation to the concept of statical indeterminacy, a continuum-mechanical theory of redundancy is proposed. Here, the notion “continuum-mechanical” refers to the representation being spatially continuous. Apart from the theory itself, the novel outcome is a clear concept providing information on the distribution of statical indeterminacy in space and with respect to different load carrying mechanisms. The theoretical findings are confirmed and illustrated within exemplary rod, plane beam, and plane frame structures. The additional insight into the load carrying behavior may be valuable in numerous applications, including robust design of structures, quantification of imperfection sensitivity, assessment of adaptability, as well as actuator placement and optimized control in adaptive structures.}, author = {Gade, Jan and Tkachuk, Anton and von Scheven, Malte and Bischoff, Manfred}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2021.01.022}, journal = {International Journal of Solids and Structures}, title = {A continuum-mechanical theory of redundancy in elastostatic structures}, volume = {226-227}, year = 2021 }
Geiger, F., Gade, J., von Scheven, M., & Bischoff, M. (2020). A Case Study on Design and Optimization of Adaptive Civil Structures. Frontiers in Built Environment, 6, 94. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2020.00094
- Abstract
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Abstract
Taking advantage of adaptivity in the field of civil engineering is a subject of ongoing research. Integration of adaptive elements in load-bearing structures is already well-established in many other engineering fields, albeit mostly for different purposes than withstanding predominantly static loads. Initial investigations have demonstrated potential for substantial material and energy savings also in the field of civil engineering, especially for high-rise buildings and wide-span structures, such as roofs or bridges. Adaptive civil structures show promise in tackling current challenges arising from emissions and shortages of materials. In this study, we compare the possible minimum-weight designs for different actuator placement approaches and for different structural topologies that satisfy various constraints for high-rise buildings. We use case studies as illustrative examples to show which advantages and disadvantages can be expected from a specific design. The overarching aim is to learn how truss and beam structures should be designed to perform well as adaptive structures.
BibTeX
@article{geiger2020study, abstract = {Taking advantage of adaptivity in the field of civil engineering is a subject of ongoing research. Integration of adaptive elements in load-bearing structures is already well-established in many other engineering fields, albeit mostly for different purposes than withstanding predominantly static loads. Initial investigations have demonstrated potential for substantial material and energy savings also in the field of civil engineering, especially for high-rise buildings and wide-span structures, such as roofs or bridges. Adaptive civil structures show promise in tackling current challenges arising from emissions and shortages of materials. In this study, we compare the possible minimum-weight designs for different actuator placement approaches and for different structural topologies that satisfy various constraints for high-rise buildings. We use case studies as illustrative examples to show which advantages and disadvantages can be expected from a specific design. The overarching aim is to learn how truss and beam structures should be designed to perform well as adaptive structures.}, author = {Geiger, Florian and Gade, Jan and {von Scheven}, Malte and Bischoff, Manfred}, doi = {10.3389/fbuil.2020.00094}, journal = {Frontiers in Built Environment}, pages = 94, title = {A Case Study on Design and Optimization of Adaptive Civil Structures}, volume = { 6}, year = 2020 }
Fröhlich, B., Gade, J., Geiger, F., Bischoff, M., & Eberhard, P. (2019). Geometric element parameterization and parametric model order reduction in finite element based shape optimization. Computational Mechanics, 63, 853–868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-018-1626-1
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Abstract
This contribution proposes a new approach to derive geometrically parameterized, reduced order finite element models. An element formulation for geometrically parameterized finite elements is suggested. The parameterized elements are used to derive models with a parameterized geometry where the parameterized system matrices are expressed in an affine representa- tion. Parametric model order reduction can then be efficiently used to reduce the full order parameterized model to a reduced order parameterized model. The approach shows two beneficial features. First, design studies and shape optimizations can be conducted with parameterized reduced order model of much lower dimension compared to the parameterized, full order model. Second, it is possible to compute sensitivities analytically, and therefore, to avoid the computation of finite differences gradients. The approach is illustrated with two numerical examples. The first example includes a detailed error analysis. The second example is a shape optimization example of an adaptive structure.
BibTeX
@article{frohlich2019geometric, abstract = {This contribution proposes a new approach to derive geometrically parameterized, reduced order finite element models. An element formulation for geometrically parameterized finite elements is suggested. The parameterized elements are used to derive models with a parameterized geometry where the parameterized system matrices are expressed in an affine representa- tion. Parametric model order reduction can then be efficiently used to reduce the full order parameterized model to a reduced order parameterized model. The approach shows two beneficial features. First, design studies and shape optimizations can be conducted with parameterized reduced order model of much lower dimension compared to the parameterized, full order model. Second, it is possible to compute sensitivities analytically, and therefore, to avoid the computation of finite differences gradients. The approach is illustrated with two numerical examples. The first example includes a detailed error analysis. The second example is a shape optimization example of an adaptive structure.}, author = {Fröhlich, Benjamin and Gade, Jan and Geiger, Florian and Bischoff, Manfred and Eberhard, Peter}, doi = {10.1007/s00466-018-1626-1}, journal = {Computational Mechanics}, pages = {853-868}, title = {Geometric element parameterization and parametric model order reduction in finite element based shape optimization}, volume = { 63}, year = 2019 }
Gade, J., Kemmler, R., Drass, M., & Schneider, J. (2018). Enhancement of a meso-scale material model for nonlinear elastic finite element computations of plain-woven fabric membrane structures. Engineering Structures, 177, 668–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.04.039
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Abstract
Due to their structure of crossed yarns embedded in coating, woven fabric membranes are characterised by a highly nonlinear stress-strain behaviour. In order to determine an accurate structural response of membrane structures, a suitable description of the material behaviour is required. Typical phenomenological material models like linear-elastic orthotropic models only allow a limited determination of the real material behaviour. A more accurate approach becomes evident by focusing on the meso-scale, which reveals an inhomogeneous however periodic structure of woven fabrics. The present work focuses on an established meso-scale model. The novelty of this work is an enhancement of this model with regard to the coating stiffness. By performing an inverse process of parameter identification using a state-of-the-art Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, a close fit w.r.t. measured data from a common biaxial test is shown and compared to results applying established models. Subsequently, the enhanced meso-scale model is processed into a multi-scale model and is implemented as a material law into a finite element program. Within finite element analyses of an exemplary full scale membrane structure by using the implemented material model as well as by using established material models, the results are compared and discussed.
BibTeX
@article{gade2018enhancement, abstract = {Due to their structure of crossed yarns embedded in coating, woven fabric membranes are characterised by a highly nonlinear stress-strain behaviour. In order to determine an accurate structural response of membrane structures, a suitable description of the material behaviour is required. Typical phenomenological material models like linear-elastic orthotropic models only allow a limited determination of the real material behaviour. A more accurate approach becomes evident by focusing on the meso-scale, which reveals an inhomogeneous however periodic structure of woven fabrics. The present work focuses on an established meso-scale model. The novelty of this work is an enhancement of this model with regard to the coating stiffness. By performing an inverse process of parameter identification using a state-of-the-art Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, a close fit w.r.t. measured data from a common biaxial test is shown and compared to results applying established models. Subsequently, the enhanced meso-scale model is processed into a multi-scale model and is implemented as a material law into a finite element program. Within finite element analyses of an exemplary full scale membrane structure by using the implemented material model as well as by using established material models, the results are compared and discussed.}, author = {Gade, Jan and Kemmler, Roman and Drass, Michael and Schneider, Jens}, doi = {10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.04.039}, journal = {Engineering Structures}, pages = {668-681}, title = {Enhancement of a meso-scale material model for nonlinear elastic finite element computations of plain-woven fabric membrane structures}, volume = { 177}, year = 2018 }
Wagner, J. L., Gade, J., Heidingsfeld, M., Geiger, F., von Scheven, M., Böhm, M., Bischoff, M., & Sawodny, O. (2018). On steady-state disturbance compensability for actuator placement in adaptive structures. at – Automatisierungstechnik, 66, 591–603. https://doi.org/10.1515/auto-2017-0099
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Abstract
Adaptive structures in civil engineering are mechanical structures with the ability to modify their response to external loads. Actuators strongly affect a structure’s adaptivity and have to be placed thoughtfully in the design process to effectively compensate external loads. For constant loads, this property is introduced as steadystate disturbance compensability. This property can be linked to concepts from structural engineering such as redundancy or statical indeterminacy, thus representing an interdisciplinary approach. Based on the disturbance compensability matrix, a scalar performance metric is derived as quantitative measure of a structure’s ability to compensate the output error for arbitrary constant disturbances with a given set of actuators. By minimizing this metric, an actuator configuration is determined. The concept is applied to an example of a truss structure.
BibTeX
@article{wagner2018steadystate, abstract = {Adaptive structures in civil engineering are mechanical structures with the ability to modify their response to external loads. Actuators strongly affect a structure’s adaptivity and have to be placed thoughtfully in the design process to effectively compensate external loads. For constant loads, this property is introduced as steadystate disturbance compensability. This property can be linked to concepts from structural engineering such as redundancy or statical indeterminacy, thus representing an interdisciplinary approach. Based on the disturbance compensability matrix, a scalar performance metric is derived as quantitative measure of a structure’s ability to compensate the output error for arbitrary constant disturbances with a given set of actuators. By minimizing this metric, an actuator configuration is determined. The concept is applied to an example of a truss structure.}, author = {Wagner, Julia Laura and Gade, Jan and Heidingsfeld, Michael and Geiger, Florian and {von Scheven}, Malte and Böhm, Michael and Bischoff, Manfred and Sawodny, Oliver}, doi = {10.1515/auto-2017-0099}, journal = {at – Automatisierungstechnik}, pages = {591–603}, title = {On steady-state disturbance compensability for actuator placement in adaptive structures}, volume = { 66}, year = 2018 }

Articles in proceedings

Böhm, M., Steffen, S., Gade, J., Geiger, F., Sobek, W., Bischoff, M., & Sawodny, O. (2020). Modellierung aktiver Strukturelemente als Erweiterung zum klassischen Workflow der FE-Analyse. Manfred Bischoff, Malte von Scheven, Bastian Oesterle (Hrsg.) Berichte der Fachtagung Baustatik – Baupraxis 14, 23. und 24. März 2020, Universität Stuttgart. https://doi.org/10.18419/opus-10762
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BibTeX
@inproceedings{bohm2020modellierung, author = {Böhm, Michael and Steffen, Simon and Gade, Jan and Geiger, Florian and Sobek, Werner and Bischoff, Manfred and Sawodny, Oliver}, booktitle = {Manfred Bischoff, Malte von Scheven, Bastian Oesterle (Hrsg.) Berichte der Fachtagung Baustatik – Baupraxis 14, 23. und 24. März 2020, Universität Stuttgart}, doi = {10.18419/opus-10762}, publisher = {Institut für Baustatik und Baudynamik, Universität Stuttgart}, title = {Modellierung aktiver Strukturelemente als Erweiterung zum klassischen Workflow der FE-Analyse}, year = 2020 }
Böhm, M., Wagner, J., Steffen, S., Gade, J., Geiger, F., Sobek, W., Bischoff, M., & Sawodny, O. (2020). Input modeling for active structural elements – extending the established FE-Workflow for modeling of adaptive structures. IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), 1595--1600. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM43001.2020.9158996
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BibTeX
@inproceedings{bohm2020input, author = {Böhm, Michael and Wagner, Julia and Steffen, Simon and Gade, Jan and Geiger, Florian and Sobek, Werner and Bischoff, Manfred and Sawodny, Oliver}, booktitle = {IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)}, doi = {10.1109/AIM43001.2020.9158996}, month = {07}, pages = {1595--1600}, title = {Input modeling for active structural elements – extending the established FE-Workflow for modeling of adaptive structures}, year = 2020 }
Geiger, F., Gade, J., von Scheven, M., & Bischoff, M. (2020). Optimal Design of Adaptive Structures vs. Optimal Adaption of Structural Design. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 53(2), 8363--8369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1604
- Abstract
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Abstract
Taking advantage of adaptivity in the field of civil engineering is an ongoing research topic. Integration of adaptive elements in the load-bearing structure is already well established in many other engineering fields. First investigations promise large material saving potentials also in the field of civil engineering, especially when it comes to high-rise buildings or wide spanned structures like roofs or bridges. In times of emission problems and shortage of materials, the potentials of adaptive civil structures open various new possibilities. In the design and optimization process of adaptive civil structures, we address the differences between classical approaches for passive systems and new practices considering adaptivity. By using a suitable actuator placement, it is possible to manipulate the displacements of the structure as well as the force distribution within the structure. Both material and energy savings can be accomplished with an integrated design of the adaptive structure taking into account the actuation, suitable combination of structural design and actuator placement. For demonstration of the differences in the design process and in the resulting optimized structure, we use a small case study on a truss structure, which is inspired by a high-rise building, and consider static loads.
BibTeX
@inproceedings{geiger2020optimal, abstract = {Taking advantage of adaptivity in the field of civil engineering is an ongoing research topic. Integration of adaptive elements in the load-bearing structure is already well established in many other engineering fields. First investigations promise large material saving potentials also in the field of civil engineering, especially when it comes to high-rise buildings or wide spanned structures like roofs or bridges. In times of emission problems and shortage of materials, the potentials of adaptive civil structures open various new possibilities. In the design and optimization process of adaptive civil structures, we address the differences between classical approaches for passive systems and new practices considering adaptivity. By using a suitable actuator placement, it is possible to manipulate the displacements of the structure as well as the force distribution within the structure. Both material and energy savings can be accomplished with an integrated design of the adaptive structure taking into account the actuation, suitable combination of structural design and actuator placement. For demonstration of the differences in the design process and in the resulting optimized structure, we use a small case study on a truss structure, which is inspired by a high-rise building, and consider static loads.}, author = {Geiger, Florian and Gade, Jan and von Scheven, Malte and Bischoff, Manfred}, doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1604}, journal = {{IFAC}-{PapersOnLine}}, number = 2, pages = {8363--8369}, publisher = {IFAC World Congress 2020, 11.-17.07.2020, Berlin, Germany}, title = {Optimal Design of Adaptive Structures vs. Optimal Adaption of Structural Design}, volume = 53, year = 2020 }
Geiger, F., Gade, J., von Scheven, M., & Bischoff, M. (2020). Anwendung der Redundanzmatrix bei der Bewertung adaptiver Strukturen. Manfred Bischoff, Malte von Scheven, Bastian Oesterle (Hrsg.) Berichte der Fachtagung Baustatik – Baupraxis 14, 23. und 24. März 2020, Universität Stuttgart, 119–128. https://doi.org/10.18419/opus-10762
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Abstract
Die Antwort einer Struktur auf Aktuierung wird maßgeblich vom Grad der statischen Unbestimmtheit und deren Verteilung in der Struktur beeinflusst. Die Redundanzmatrix enthält diese Informationen über das Tragwerk. Aus ihr können daher Rückschlüsse für die Aktorplatzierung und für die Bewertung der Aktuierbarkeit von Strukturen gezogen werden. Die Untersuchung eines Beispieltragwerks veranschaulicht einerseits die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Redundanzmatrix und andererseits das Masseneinsparungspotential, das mithilfe des Einsatzes aktiver Elemente in passiven Strukturen erschlossen werden kann.
BibTeX
@inproceedings{geiger2020anwendung, abstract = {Die Antwort einer Struktur auf Aktuierung wird maßgeblich vom Grad der statischen Unbestimmtheit und deren Verteilung in der Struktur beeinflusst. Die Redundanzmatrix enthält diese Informationen über das Tragwerk. Aus ihr können daher Rückschlüsse für die Aktorplatzierung und für die Bewertung der Aktuierbarkeit von Strukturen gezogen werden. Die Untersuchung eines Beispieltragwerks veranschaulicht einerseits die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Redundanzmatrix und andererseits das Masseneinsparungspotential, das mithilfe des Einsatzes aktiver Elemente in passiven Strukturen erschlossen werden kann.}, author = {Geiger, Florian and Gade, Jan and {von Scheven}, Malte and Bischoff, Manfred}, booktitle = {Manfred Bischoff, Malte von Scheven, Bastian Oesterle (Hrsg.) Berichte der Fachtagung Baustatik – Baupraxis 14, 23. und 24. März 2020, Universität Stuttgart}, doi = {10.18419/opus-10762}, pages = {119-128}, title = {Anwendung der Redundanzmatrix bei der Bewertung adaptiver Strukturen}, year = 2020 }
Fröhlich, B., Geiger, F., Gade, J., Bischoff, M., & Eberhard, P. (2018). Model order reduction of coupled, parameterized elastic bodies for shape optimization. IUTAM Symposium on Model Order Reduction of Coupled Systems, May 22–25, 2018, Stuttgart, 151--163. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21013-7_11
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- BibTeX
Abstract
In this contribution, coupled, parameterized second order systems are considered where the coupled, parameterized system is derived from the assembly of several parameterized component models. Two approaches for the Parametric Model Order Reduction of such coupled systems are presented and compared in a reduced order shape optimization example. In the first approach, the coupled, parameterized system is derived by coupling the parameterized, full order component models. Then, Parametric Model Order Reduction is executed for the coupled system. In the second approach, the parameterized, component models are first reduced independently of their actual mounting situation. Afterwards, the parameterized, reduced order component models are coupled to derive the parameterized, reduced order system model. It is shown that the first approach yields smaller parameterized, reduced order system models. However, the second approach allows to reuse and to recombine the parameterized, reduced order component models arbitrarily. It therefore introduces more flexibility in the modeling process, enabling for example a toolbox based optimization with parameterized, reduced order models.
BibTeX
@inproceedings{frohlich2018model, abstract = {In this contribution, coupled, parameterized second order systems are considered where the coupled, parameterized system is derived from the assembly of several parameterized component models. Two approaches for the Parametric Model Order Reduction of such coupled systems are presented and compared in a reduced order shape optimization example. In the first approach, the coupled, parameterized system is derived by coupling the parameterized, full order component models. Then, Parametric Model Order Reduction is executed for the coupled system. In the second approach, the parameterized, component models are first reduced independently of their actual mounting situation. Afterwards, the parameterized, reduced order component models are coupled to derive the parameterized, reduced order system model. It is shown that the first approach yields smaller parameterized, reduced order system models. However, the second approach allows to reuse and to recombine the parameterized, reduced order component models arbitrarily. It therefore introduces more flexibility in the modeling process, enabling for example a toolbox based optimization with parameterized, reduced order models.}, author = {Fröhlich, Benjamin and Geiger, Florian and Gade, Jan and Bischoff, Manfred and Eberhard, Peter}, booktitle = {IUTAM Symposium on Model Order Reduction of Coupled Systems, May 22–25, 2018, Stuttgart}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-21013-7_11}, pages = {151--163}, title = {Model order reduction of coupled, parameterized elastic bodies for shape optimization}, year = 2018 }
Gade, J., Bischoff, M., & Kemmler, R. (2017). Advanced approaches for analysis and form finding of membrane structures with finite elements, Part I: Comparison of a microstructural model with an anisotropically hyperelastic model gained by inverse problems of parameter identiﬁcation. K. Bletzinger, E. Onate, B. Kröplin (Eds.) Proceedings of VIII International Conference on Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures (STRUCTURAL MEMBRANES 2017), 9-11 October 2017. Munich, Germany.
- Abstract
- BibTeX
Abstract
Part I deals with material modelling of woven fabric membranes. Due to their structure of crossed yarns embedded in coating, woven fabric membranes are characterised by a highly nonlinear stress-strain behaviour. In order to determine an accurate structural response of membrane structures, a suitable description of the material behaviour is required. A linear elastic orthotropic model approach, which is current practice, only allows a relative coarse approximation of the material behaviour. The present work focuses on two different material approaches: A first approach becomes evident by focusing on the meso-scale. The inhomogeneous, however periodic structure of woven fabrics motivates for microstructural modelling. An established microstructural model is considered and enhanced with regard to the coating stiffness. Secondly, an anisotropic hyperelastic material model for woven fabric membranes is considered. By performing inverse processes of parameter identification, fits of the two different material models w.r.t. measured data from a common biaxial test are shown. The results of the inversely parametrised material models are compared and discussed.
BibTeX
@inproceedings{gade2020advanced, abstract = {Part I deals with material modelling of woven fabric membranes. Due to their structure of crossed yarns embedded in coating, woven fabric membranes are characterised by a highly nonlinear stress-strain behaviour. In order to determine an accurate structural response of membrane structures, a suitable description of the material behaviour is required. A linear elastic orthotropic model approach, which is current practice, only allows a relative coarse approximation of the material behaviour. The present work focuses on two different material approaches: A first approach becomes evident by focusing on the meso-scale. The inhomogeneous, however periodic structure of woven fabrics motivates for microstructural modelling. An established microstructural model is considered and enhanced with regard to the coating stiffness. Secondly, an anisotropic hyperelastic material model for woven fabric membranes is considered. By performing inverse processes of parameter identification, fits of the two different material models w.r.t. measured data from a common biaxial test are shown. The results of the inversely parametrised material models are compared and discussed.}, author = {Gade, Jan and Bischoff, Manfred and Kemmler, Roman}, booktitle = {K. Bletzinger, E. Onate, B. Kröplin (Eds.) Proceedings of VIII International Conference on Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures (STRUCTURAL MEMBRANES 2017), 9-11 October 2017. Munich, Germany}, title = {Advanced approaches for analysis and form finding of membrane structures with finite elements, Part I: Comparison of a microstructural model with an anisotropically hyperelastic model gained by inverse problems of parameter identiﬁcation}, year = 2017 }
Kemmler, R., & Gade, J. (2017). Erweiterte Ansätze zur Formfindung und Analyse von Membrantragwerken, Teil I: Parameteridentiﬁkation eines Mikrostrukturmodells für Gewebemembranmaterialien durch Lösung eines inversen Problems. G. Meschke et al. (Hrsg.) Berichte der Fachtagung Baustatik – Baupraxis 13, 20. und 21. März 2017, Bochum.
- Abstract
- BibTeX
Abstract
Teil I thematisiert die Materialmodellierung von Gewebewerkstoffen. Gewebemembranen weisen aufgrund ihres herstellungsbedingten Aufbaus aus gekreuzten Fäden, die in eine schützende Beschichtung eingebettet sind, ein ausgeprägt nichtlineares Spannungs-Dehnungsverhalten auf. Mit üblicherweise verwendeten phänomenologischen Materialmodellen, wie linear-elastischen, orthotropen Modellen, kann das komplexe Verformungsverhalten lediglich stark vereinfacht abgebildet werden. Eine adäquatere Modellbildung gelingt stattdessen unter Heranziehung des strukturierten Aufbaus von Geweben auf der Mesoebene. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags wird ein bereits in der Literatur verwendetes Mikrostrukturmodell herangezogen, erweitert und mittels Lösung eines inversen Problems der Parameteridentifikation auf Messdaten eines biaxialen Zugversuchs angepasst.
BibTeX
@inproceedings{kemmler2017erweiterte, abstract = {Teil I thematisiert die Materialmodellierung von Gewebewerkstoffen. Gewebemembranen weisen aufgrund ihres herstellungsbedingten Aufbaus aus gekreuzten Fäden, die in eine schützende Beschichtung eingebettet sind, ein ausgeprägt nichtlineares Spannungs-Dehnungsverhalten auf. Mit üblicherweise verwendeten phänomenologischen Materialmodellen, wie linear-elastischen, orthotropen Modellen, kann das komplexe Verformungsverhalten lediglich stark vereinfacht abgebildet werden. Eine adäquatere Modellbildung gelingt stattdessen unter Heranziehung des strukturierten Aufbaus von Geweben auf der Mesoebene. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags wird ein bereits in der Literatur verwendetes Mikrostrukturmodell herangezogen, erweitert und mittels Lösung eines inversen Problems der Parameteridentifikation auf Messdaten eines biaxialen Zugversuchs angepasst.}, author = {Kemmler, Roman and Gade, Jan}, booktitle = {G. Meschke et al. (Hrsg.) Berichte der Fachtagung Baustatik – Baupraxis 13, 20. und 21. März 2017, Bochum}, title = {Erweiterte Ansätze zur Formfindung und Analyse von Membrantragwerken, Teil I: Parameteridentiﬁkation eines Mikrostrukturmodells für Gewebemembranmaterialien durch Lösung eines inversen Problems}, year = 2017 }

Bachelor and Master Thesis

Gade, J. (2016). Einbettung eines kinematischen Mikrostrukturmodells zur Beschreibung der Werkstoﬀeigenschaften von Gewebemembranen in Finite-Elemente-Analysen. Masterarbeit. Fachgebiet Statik, Institut für Statik und Konstruktion, Technische Universität Darmstadt.
- Abstract
- BibTeX
Abstract
Membranen aus Gewebewerkstoffen weisen aufgrund ihres herstellungsbedingten Aufbaus aus gekreuzten Fäden, die in eine schützende Beschichtung eingebettet sind, ein ausgeprägt nichtlineares Spannungs-Dehnungsverhalten auf. Eine realitätsnahe Berechnung von Membranstrukturen erfordert daher u.a. eine zielsichere Beschreibung des Materialverhaltens. Mit üblicherweise verwendeten phänomenologischen Materialmodellen, wie linear- elastischen, orthotropen Modellen, kann das komplexe Verformungsverhalten lediglich stark vereinfacht abgebildet werden. Eine adäquatere Modellbildung gelingt stattdessen unter Heranziehung des strukturierten Aufbaus von Geweben auf der Mesoskala. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein bereits in der Literatur verwendetes Mikrostrukturmodell herangezogen, erweitert und mittels Lösung eines inversen Problems der Parameteridentifikation auf Messdaten eines biaxialen Zugversuchs angepasst. Dieses wird in Form eines Mehrskalenmodells aufbereitet und anschließend als Materialgesetz in ein Finite-Elemente-Programm implementiert. Die Validierung des Modells durch Nachrechnung des ihm zugrundeliegenden Versuchs zeigt auf, dass das Modell zur Beschreibung des Kraft-Verformungsverhaltens von Gewebemembranen gut geeignet ist. In Vergleichsberechnungen werden anhand zweier beispielhafter Membranstrukturen die Ergebnisse unter Einsatz des implementierten Materialmodells den Resultaten unter Verwendung üblicher Materialmodelle gegenübergestellt und diskutiert.
BibTeX
@mastersthesis{gade2016einbettung, abstract = { Membranen aus Gewebewerkstoffen weisen aufgrund ihres herstellungsbedingten Aufbaus aus gekreuzten Fäden, die in eine schützende Beschichtung eingebettet sind, ein ausgeprägt nichtlineares Spannungs-Dehnungsverhalten auf. Eine realitätsnahe Berechnung von Membranstrukturen erfordert daher u.a. eine zielsichere Beschreibung des Materialverhaltens. Mit üblicherweise verwendeten phänomenologischen Materialmodellen, wie linear- elastischen, orthotropen Modellen, kann das komplexe Verformungsverhalten lediglich stark vereinfacht abgebildet werden. Eine adäquatere Modellbildung gelingt stattdessen unter Heranziehung des strukturierten Aufbaus von Geweben auf der Mesoskala. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein bereits in der Literatur verwendetes Mikrostrukturmodell herangezogen, erweitert und mittels Lösung eines inversen Problems der Parameteridentifikation auf Messdaten eines biaxialen Zugversuchs angepasst. Dieses wird in Form eines Mehrskalenmodells aufbereitet und anschließend als Materialgesetz in ein Finite-Elemente-Programm implementiert. Die Validierung des Modells durch Nachrechnung des ihm zugrundeliegenden Versuchs zeigt auf, dass das Modell zur Beschreibung des Kraft-Verformungsverhaltens von Gewebemembranen gut geeignet ist. In Vergleichsberechnungen werden anhand zweier beispielhafter Membranstrukturen die Ergebnisse unter Einsatz des implementierten Materialmodells den Resultaten unter Verwendung üblicher Materialmodelle gegenübergestellt und diskutiert.}, author = {Gade, Jan}, publisher = {Masterarbeit. Fachgebiet Statik, Institut für Statik und Konstruktion, Technische Universität Darmstadt}, title = {Einbettung eines kinematischen Mikrostrukturmodells zur Beschreibung der Werkstoﬀeigenschaften von Gewebemembranen in Finite-Elemente-Analysen}, year = 2016 }
Gade, J. (2013). Modellbildung für die Rahmenecke integraler Brücken mithilfe der Methode der Finiten Elemente. Bachelorarbeit. Fachgebiet Massivbau, Institut für konstruktiven Ingenieurbau, Universität Kassel.
- BibTeX
BibTeX
@mastersthesis{gade2013modellbildung, author = {Gade, Jan}, publisher = {Bachelorarbeit. Fachgebiet Massivbau, Institut für konstruktiven Ingenieurbau, Universität Kassel}, title = {Modellbildung für die Rahmenecke integraler Brücken mithilfe der Methode der Finiten Elemente}, year = 2013 }

Presentations

Presentations at Conferences

Jan Gade, Anton Tkachuk, Malte von Scheven, Manfred Bischoff. Redundancy distribution in elastostatic beam and thin-walled structures. 8th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS Congress 2022), Oslo, Norway, June 5–9, 2022.

Jan Gade, Anton Tkachuk, Malte von Scheven, Manfred Bischoff. Redundancy distribution in elastostatic beam and surface structures. 6th ECCOMAS Young Investigators Conference (YIC 2021), Valencia, Spain (Virtual Congress), July 7–9, 2021.

Jan Gade, Anton Tkachuk, Malte von Scheven, Manfred Bischoff. A continuum-mechanical approach on redundancy in elastostatic structures. 14th WCCM & ECCOMAS Congress 2020, Virtual Congress, 11–15 January, 2021. [slides and presentation]

Jan Gade, Florian Geiger, Malte von Scheven, Manfred Bischoff. Zu Redundanz und Optimierung adaptiver Tragwerke. FE im Schnee 2018, 26.–28. März 2018, Söllerhaus Hirschegg/Österreich.

Jan Gade, Florian Geiger, Malte von Scheven, Manfred Bischoff. Ein finites Stab-Aktor-Element und seine Anwendung in der Optimierung adaptiver Tragwerke. Baustatik-Baupraxis Forschungskolloquium 2018, 3.–6. Oktober 2018, Grasellenbach/Odenwald.

Roman Kemmler, Jan Gade. Erweiterte Ansätze zur Formfindung und Analyse von Membrantragwerken, Teil I: Parameteridentiﬁkation eines Mikrostrukturmodells für Gewebemembranmaterialien durch Lösung eines inversen Problems. 13. Fachtagung Baustatik-Baupraxis, Bochum, Germany, 20.–21. März 2017.

Jan Gade, Manfred Bischoff, Roman Kemmler. Advanced approaches for analysis and form finding of membrane structures with finite elements, Part I: Comparison of a microstructural model with an anisotropically hyperelastic model gained by inverse problems of parameter identiﬁcation. VIII International Conference on Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures (STRUCTURAL MEMBRANES 2017), Munich, Germany, 9–11 October 2017.

Further Activities in the Scientific Community

Organization of Conferences and Mini Symposia

2020: 14. Fachtagung Baustatik-Baupraxis (BB14), 23.–24.03.2020, Stuttgart, Germany (Local Organizing Team).
2017: 7th GACM Colloquium on Computational Mechanics for Young Scientists from Academia and Industry (GACM 2017), 11–13 October 2017, Stuttgart, Germany (Local Organizing Team).

Teaching

Baustatik (B.Sc.), summer term 2017 and winter term 2017/2018
Non-linear Computational Mechanics of Structures (M.Sc.), summer terms 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021
Computational Mechanics of Structures (M.Sc.), winter terms 2018/2019, 2019/2020
Computerorientierte Methoden für Kontinua und Flächentragwerke (M.Sc.), winter term 2020/2021

Supervision of Theses

Master Theses

Admir Bytyqi. Entwurf von adaptiven Tragwerken mit strukturbeschreibenen Matrizen (21/14). Master Thesis. Supervisor: Jan Gade. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2021.
- Abstract
- Poster with results
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Tobias Kurz. Redundanzbasierte Optimierung von Fachwerksystemen (19/16). Master Thesis. Supervisor: Malte von Scheven und Jan Gade. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2019.
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- Poster with results
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David Forster. Entwicklung einer Methode zur optimierten Platzierung von Aktoren in adaptiven Tragwerken (19/17). Master Thesis. Supervisor: Jan Gade und Florian Geiger. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2019.
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- Poster with results
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Andreas Wunder. Tensegrity-Tragwerke (18/01). Master Thesis. Supervisor: Steffen Roth und Jan Gade. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2018.
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Philipp Schäfer. Inverse Probleme und Parameteridentifikation (18/11). Master Thesis. Supervisor: Jan Gade und Renate Sachse. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2018.
- Abstract
- Poster with results
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Wenfeng Jiang. Topologieoptimierung mit Voxel-Elementen in NumPro (18/27). Master Thesis. Supervisor: Florian Geiger und Jan Gade. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2018.
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- Poster with results
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Moritz Duffner. Knotenbasierte Formoptimierung von Scheibentragwerken (18/38). Master Thesis. Supervisor: Jan Gade. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2018.
- Abstract
- Poster with results
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Bachelor Theses

Stefanie Christl. Analyse dünnwandiger Betonschalen am Beispiel von Los Manantiales (20/10). Bachelor Thesis. Supervisor: Jan Gade. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2020.
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- Poster with results
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Haotian Jin. Computerorientierte Umsetzung des Kraftgrößenverfahrens (19/14). Bachelor Thesis. Supervisor: Jan Gade. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2019.
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- Poster with results
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Yong Sung Kwon. Klassische und verallgemeinerte Einflusslinien (18/29). Bachelor Thesis. Supervisor: Jan Gade. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2018.
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- Poster with results
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Nicolas Rühle. Analyse des Stadiondachs des Münchner Olympiastadions mithilfe der Kraft-Dichte-Methode (17/31). Bachelor Thesis. Supervisor: Jan Gade. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2017.
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Minxiang Gao. Topologieoptimierung für 2d-Scheibentragwerke (17/34). Bachelor Thesis. Supervisor: Jan Gade. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2017.
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- Poster with results
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Philip Klein. Untersuchung und Vergleich verschiedener Aussteifungssysteme im Hochhausbau. Bachelor Thesis. Supervisor: Jan Gade. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2017.
- Abstract
- Poster with results
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Further Theses

Tarun Kumar Mitruka Vinod Kumar Mitruka. Simulation of Chladni’s Figures with Standard Finite Elements and Iso-geometric Elements according to Plate Theory. Project Thesis. Supervisor: Jan Gade. Institute for Structural Mechanics, University of Stuttgart. 2021.
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Jan Gade

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